A chronic neurological sleep disorder causing overwhelming daytime sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotion

Real, disabling neurological symptoms—weakness, abnormal movements, or sensory loss

Brain injury from external force (falls, road accidents, assault), ranging from mild concussion to severe injury

A non-progressive disorder of movement and posture from brain injury occurring before, during, or shortly after birth

Nerve damage from chronic high blood sugar, typically causing numbness, tingling, and burning pain

Displacement of disc material in the lower spine that compresses a nerve root, causing shooting leg pain (sciatica), numbness, or weaknes

The most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, growing rapidly and infiltrating surrounding brain tissue, causing headache

A life-threatening infection of the membranes covering the brain, causing fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, and confusion

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath covering nerves, causing episodes of vision loss, weakness

The most common cause of dementia, marked by progressive memory loss, confusion, and decline in daily

A progressive disorder from loss of dopamine-producing neurons, causing tremor, rigidity, slowness (bradykinesia), and gait/balance problems.

A tendency to have recurrent seizures that involve both brain hemispheres from onset, including absence, myoclonic

Sudden loss of blood supply to part of the brain due to a clot, causing weakness, slurred speech, facial droop, or vision loss.

A recurrent headache disorder causing throbbing, one-sided pain often with nausea, vomiting, and light/sound sensitivity, sometimes preceded by visual "aura."