Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Brain injury from external force (falls, road accidents, assault), ranging from mild concussion to severe injury
Symptoms
- Headache
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Loss of consciousness
- Memory problems
- Nausea and vomiting
- Blurred vision
- Slurred speech
- Difficulty concentrating
- Weakness or numbness
- Seizures
- Mood changes
- Sleep disturbances
- Coma (severe cases)
Brain injury from external force (falls, road accidents, assault), ranging from mild concussion to severe injury with prolonged unconsciousness, causing headache, confusion, weakness, or coma depending on severity. Management follows severity: mild cases need rest and gradual return to activity, while severe TBI requires ICU care with intracranial pressure monitoring, controlled ventilation, and osmotic therapy. Surgery—evacuation of hematomas or decompressive craniectomy—is performed when there is a significant mass lesion or dangerously raised pressure unresponsive to medical treatment. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation is essential for recovery of function after moderate-severe injury.
